Why are Heat Engine Lab Equipment very crucial in Physics?

Surfing through Physics in school is a Herculean task! That’s because you need to learn and understand about a lot of heat engines and other important concepts in thermodynamics, a branch of Physics. Heat Engines are basically about how the pressure of a working material is increased from a high temperature reservoir. There are cyclic and otto cycle heat engines. These heat engines work according to the principles of thermodynamics. They are all related to the different concepts of this branch.

Some of the common instruments cum engine models which can be used to demonstrate various concepts of physics are:

1) Two Stroke Diesel:

So, this engine model is basically a replica or a model about the working of real air cooled two stroke engine. This is made of aluminum alloy. In this engine, the fuel can self-ignite. This is because it follows a process called compression ignition. Here, the engine runs when the fuel gets injected in the engine after the compression of air.

2) Two stroke petrol:

This 2 stroke petrol engine model illustrates the working and the exact structure of a 2 stroke petrol engine. It depicts the sectional working engines properly and in this replica, the internal ignition is shown by a mini bulb and carburetor.

3) Four stroke Petrol:

Again, this replica is an inside the engine of a four stroke petrol engine. This product is a little different from the two stroke engine. The model is made of aluminum alloy and is mounted on a polished wooden base. It also has a crank handle for operating the replica manually.

4) Four Stroke Diesel:

Just like the four stroke petrol engine, this is also different from the 2 stroke type. It is made of aluminum and gun metal alloy and it is basically made for showing the functioning of fuel injection system in the engine.  It is also mounted on a wooden base which is neatly polished. It also has a crank handle for operating the model in the manual mode.

Now what is the difference between a two and a four stroke?

A stroke of an engine means its full travel of the piston along the cylinder. A four stroke engine is where the piston completes four strokes of journey while the crankshaft is turned. A two stroke engine is where the piston completes only two strokes along.

The Most Important Pharmaceutical Laboratory Equipment!

Pharmaceutical Industry is a huge industry to reckon with. There are a lot of developing phases, services, procedures in these industries and the related companies. Pharmaceutical development includes a lot of processes and procedures like formulation of the product, testing, and other procedures. There are services also like testing services, method validation, bioanalytical testing, clinical trials etc. After manufacturing the product, there are services like contract packaging and marketing.

For all these procedures and processes, many equipment and instruments are required. Here are few Pharmaceutical Laboratory Equipment you should know and be familiar with when you are in this industry.

Here is a little detailed explanation of the few of the equipment used in the pharma industry:

1)      Refractometers: A refractometer determines the refractive index of a solid, liquid or a gel sample. It works when the measuring angle of the light passed through the material.  They find their place in many industries like medical, pharma, food and beverage and gemology. You can find Automatic and Benchtop Abbe refractometer.

2)      The Friability Tester: It measures the percent weight loss of the compressed products or tablets. It duplicates the real conditions which the tablets have to go through when they are in different conditions and then the procedures they are subjected to while manufacturing, packaging, distribution processes. This equipment is efficient and has improved quality control. This equipment is durable and compact. This equipment can be used every day for many products and the footprint of this equipment is also small. It can easily be established into the laboratory or production areas.

There are many equipments and instruments used in the pharmacy industry. You should always select equipment and instruments from a noted and renowned dealer or a seller. Since this industry impacts largely, one needs to be properly ready to select this kind of products.